Functional analysis

Haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain containing 2 (2HO4:A,B)

Name of the protein

Hydrolase

Haloacid dehalogenase(HAD) is the name of the compound superfamily. Hydrolase refers to the protein that has hydrolase activity i.e. the catalysing the hydrolysis of various bonds. The breakdown process, hydrolysis, is a replacing mechanism to the covalent bonding with water molecule. The product will become more water soluble and produce free enzyme./Link

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Function are depend on the structure

Use Mouse Genome Informatics(MGI)search engine, we found 5 Category of Function or Process with evidence about this protein. Four molecular functions and one biological process are classified in this protein. They are catalytic activity, hydrolase activity, magnesium ion binding and metabolic process. The fundamental cellular process, the biological processess work together and compromise.

GO Annotations in Tabular Form/Link

Category	Classification	Term Evidence	Inferred From	Ref(s)
Molecular Function	catalytic activity	IEA	InterPro:IPR005834	J:72247
Molecular Function	hydrolase activity	IEA	InterPro:IPR006357	J:72247
Molecular Function	hydrolase activity	IEA	SP_KW:KW-0378	J:60000
Molecular Function	magnesium ion binding	IEA	SP_KW:KW-0460	J:60000
Biological Process	metabolic process	IEA	InterPro:IPR005834,InterPro:IPR006357	J:72247

Gene Ontology Evidence Code Abbreviations:

  IC  Inferred by curator 
  IDA Inferred from direct assay 
  IEA Inferred from electronic annotation 
  IGI Inferred from genetic interaction 
  IMP Inferred from mutant phenotype 
  IPI Inferred from physical interaction 
  ISS Inferred from sequence or structural similarity 
  NAS Non-traceable author statement 
  ND  No biological data available 
  RCA Reviewed computational analysis 
  TAS Traceable author statement 

The evidence was obtained by Mammalian Orthology Load, and the information was derived from Homologene National Center for Biotechnology Information. This protein was reviewed in 2004 and record with J Number: J:90500. The Mammalian Orthology Query Result proven, the evidence was from using both Amino acid sequence comparison and Nucleotide sequence comparison on different species. And the results shown human, mouse, rat, chimpanzee and dog all have the sequence of this protein./Link

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Ligands and Prosthetic Groups

Protein Data Bank (PDB) summaries the structure, biological and chemistry and sequence detail of the protein. Under these reports, the PBD Biology and Chemistry Report shows the protein contain following Ligands and Prosthetic Groups; Phosphate Ion, Magnesium Ion and Selenomethionine.

Ligands and Prosthetic Groups

ID	Name Chemical	Formula	Weight Ligand	Link
PO4	Phosphate Ion	O4 P 3-	94.971	/View
MG	Magnesium Ion	Mg 2+	24.305	/View
MSE	Selenomethionine	C5 H11 N O2 Se	196.107	/View

PBD Biology and Chemistry Report /Link

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Expression of the protein in the body

Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation summaries detail about protein. In the diagram below, haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain containing 2 sequence was calculated in different organisms of the body. From the result we can suggest this protein mainly functioning in Central Nerve System and Immune System. /Link

The diagram illustrate the expression of protein or gene in different organisms. The sequence expression of the protein appears more in amygdala, cortex, hypothalamus, spinal cord, dentritic cells, T cells, B cells and lymphatic system.

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Protein function

Basis of Haloacid dehalogenase family

Identification of the Haloacid dehalogenase family on the basis of the structural similarities has been described in 1999. The HAD superfamily has similar reaction mechanism base on their structure. Members in this family include enzymes (such as L-2-haloacid dehalogenase, epoxide hydrolase), variety of phosphatases (e.g. phosphoserine phosphatase, phosphomannomutase, phosphoglycolate phosphatase and sucrose-phosphate synthase), and the catalytic subunits (such as the P-type ATPases). The ATPases are essential for the transport of cations across biological membranes, because it contains the binding sites for ATP and Mg2, and a phosphorylation site. (/ Ridder et al.,1999)

1. The mechanism starts with the binding of the phosphorylated substrate
   mediate by Mg2 ion. (In this diagram, the substrate is a serine residue) 
   Followed by a nucleophilic attack by one of the carboxylate oxygen atoms and 
   aspartate residue to form an acyl-phosphate intermediate.  In this point, the 
   positive charge of Mg2 ion is acting on phosphorus atom to stabilize it.  
2. The acyl-phosphate intermediate is hydrolysed by nucleophilic attack 
   of a water molecule.  
3. In agreement of formation of an oxyanion intermediate on the aspartate residue, 
   mediate by counterbalanced of the Mg2 ion, and hydrolase activity on 
   phosphorylation site, this yield phosphate and free enzyme (serine residue).

Functional change of the protein

A research was done in 1979, by administrating chlorpromazine at the rate of 15 milligram per kilogram to rats. By determining the mitochondria of the sensomotor cortex and localization of Mg-activated ATPase in the cortex, the result showed hydrolase activity increased in the brain after three hours of administration. The discussion suggested that the increase of ATP-hydrolase activity in the cortex will induce depression of glycolytic and respiratory activity of the cells. And this is due to increase of permeability of the mitochondrial membranes. (Kleshchinov et al., 1979)

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What about it's functional partners

From STRING website, by using the orthology information from the COG database, we predicted it's functional partners. KIAA0423 annotation is it best suit predicted Functional Partners, but it is not yet available. /Link

The above result shows using protein sequence to compare difference species and their. e.g. Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens are two species highly conservatity

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PO4

MG

MSE

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